Saturday, April 12, 2025

Triangles (4) - Area



The area of a given triangle can be calculated in various ways depending on what is known about the triangle.

 

*** Area = half base multiplied by vertical height ***

Three cases must be considered: (a) the right triangle, (b) an acute triangle, (c) a scalene triangle. In all three cases, the same formula emerges

Area △ ABC = ½ base x vertical height = ½ b.h

 


Video (Youtube) - Deriving the formula for the area of a triangle - video by Maths Whenever 

 

*** Area when two sides and the included angle are known ***

The area of the triangle is given by

Area △ ABC = ½ bc. sin Θ

Letter b is the triangle base and the other sides have lengths a and c.


 

*** Heron's Formula ***

If the three side lengths are known then the area of the triangle can be calculated using Heron's formula 

 

where A is the area. The side lengths are a, b and c. Letter s is the semi-perimeter that is 

½(a + b + c)

An online calculator is available at Wolfram Mathworld 


*** Proof of Heron's formula ***

The following links offer proofs of Heron's formula

Proof using trigonometry - (pdf) - uses trigonometry to prove the formula

A proof without using trigonometry is at Jamie York Press - HERE (pdf)

Jim Wilson - University of Georgia offers a further proof using algebra


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